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Why dark matter outweighs ordinary matter by exactly five to one

Yang Bai, Ting-Kuo Chen

May 13, 2026

One of cosmology's nagging puzzles is that dark matter and ordinary matter have comparable densities despite apparently unrelated origins. This model ties both to the same baryon number, distributed across domains separated by Z_N symmetry walls in the early universe. When those walls collapse after the QCD phase transition, an (N-1):1 baryon split between false- and true-vacuum regions naturally yields a dark matter-to-baryon ratio near 5:1 for N=7. The trapped baryons form 'baryoids' — asteroid-mass, nuclear-density objects — whose properties and detection prospects are worked out in detail.
Published as Baryoid Dark Matter from $\mathbb{Z}_N$ Domain Walls: The $(N-1):1$ origin of the dark matter-baryon coincidence arXiv:2605.13958
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