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Can we detect cosmic dawn's 21-cm whisper from space?

Yogen Pranesh, Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao, Saurabh Singh

May 21, 2026

The global 21-cm signal from cosmic dawn—when the first stars formed—is drowned out by terrestrial FM radio. Researchers simulated whether a radiometer in low Earth orbit could escape this noise and detect the signal instead. They find that a polar orbit at the right altitude works: most plausible cosmic dawn signals could be recovered with high confidence, making space-based detection feasible where ground telescopes fail.
Published as STARFIRE-2: Can we detect the global redshifted 21-cm signal from the cosmic dawn in Earth orbit? arXiv:2605.22400
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