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A mysterious dip in iron's glow reveals a galactic wind from a supermassive black hole

Kouichi Hagino, Motoki Kino, Lukasz Stawarz, Kenzo Kawamura, Kazuhiro Hada, Hirofumi Noda

May 21, 2026

An unexpectedly weak iron line in the radio galaxy 3C 111 hints at a high-speed ionized wind absorbing X-rays as it flows outward from near the black hole. The wind reaches velocities of 4,600–17,200 km/s and carries kinetic power of 10⁴¹–10⁴⁴ erg/s, roughly 100 times weaker than the jet itself. This supports the long-standing prediction that jets dominate the energy budget over disk-driven winds in active galaxies.
Published as A Weak Fe K$β$ Emission Line in the Broad-Line Radio Galaxy 3C 111 Observed with XRISM: An Ionized Wind Absorption Feature? arXiv:2605.22388
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