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How will we find the galaxies hosting black hole mergers detected by pulsars?

Niccolò Veronesi, Maria Charisi, Polina Petrov, Stephen R. Taylor, Jessie Runnoe, Daniel J. D'Orazio, Jacob Pilawa, Chung-Pei Ma

May 29, 2026

Researchers simulated what happens when pulsar timing arrays detect individual supermassive black hole binaries in the next decade. The gravitational wave signal narrows the search to an area the size of hundreds of square degrees, containing ~190,000 candidate galaxies. A ranking system using black hole masses and redshifts can eliminate half the false candidates, raising the odds of correct identification from <1% to ~14% by 2035.
Published as Prospects of resolving and localising individual supermassive black hole binaries with pulsar timing arrays: the host ranking challenge arXiv:2606.00218
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