How AI is transforming microwave and photonic systems

Microwave photonics—the marriage of microwave electronics with photonic technologies—enables ultra-wide-bandwidth signal processing far beyond conventional electronics. This review surveys how AI is revolutionizing the field across the entire pipeline: from designing photonic components and simulating systems, through automating fabrication and testing, to optimizing signal detection in real time. Applications include photonic radar systems, converters handling 320 GHz bandwidth, and wireless links pushing terabit-per-second speeds.