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Why language models suddenly got good at poker without any training

Boning Li, Baoxiang Wang, Longbo Huang

May 28, 2026

Poker has long required either massive computational solvers or years of training. PokerSkill bridges the gap by feeding LLMs a structured library of expert-designed poker skills, letting a context engine filter recommendations to sensible moves. GPT-4.5 and Claude 4.6/4.7 now play within striking distance of state-of-the-art bots like Slumbot—without any game-specific training or solver queries. The insight: neither raw rules nor raw language models work alone, but together they crack a complex imperfect-information game.
Published as PokerSkill: LLMs Can Play Expert-Level Poker without Training or Solvers arXiv:2605.30094
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