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How do rescue drones find missing people in cluttered buildings?

Nikhil Sethi, Max Lodel, Laura Ferranti, Robert Babuška, Javier Alonso-Mora

May 30, 2026

Drones searching for targets in chaotic 3D spaces like collapsed buildings need both semantic smarts (knowing what matters) and smart exploration. This framework combines a viewpoint planner that predicts where targets are likely hiding—using reasoning about visible objects—with an active perception pipeline that spreads semantic priorities across unexplored regions. LLM similarity scores guide the search. Simulations show faster target discovery than baselines; real drone tests confirm it handles battery limits and sensor noise.
Published as STEM: Semantic Target Search and Exploration using MAVs in Cluttered Environments arXiv:2606.00762
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