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Operator algebra dissolves the black hole firewall paradox

Naman Kumar

May 14, 2026

The firewall paradox argues that unitarity and a smooth black hole horizon are mutually exclusive, forcing a 'wall of fire' that destroys infalling observers. This analysis shows the paradox's fatal step—treating early radiation, late Hawking modes, and interior partner modes as independent quantum systems—is blocked by diffeomorphism invariance: gravitational dressing ties these algebras together so that monogamy of entanglement never gets traction. Within a fixed asymptotic charge sector, the interior partner modes belong inside the radiation algebra rather than alongside it. If correct, unitary evaporation and semiclassical horizon smoothness coexist without islands or wormholes.
Published as An Algebraic Resolution of the Firewall Paradox arXiv:2605.14794
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