What a negative-mass wormhole would actually look like to telescopes

Pairing a positive-mass object with a negative-mass Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole creates a bound state despite the repulsive force — an unusual dynamic that leaves a clear imprint on emitted gravitational waves, which decrease in both frequency and amplitude rather than chirping upward. The authors also propose a ghost-free formulation of the Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole and simulate its optical appearance. Numerical ray-tracing shows that the photon ring substructure around the central object differs measurably from a Schwarzschild black hole and a Simpson-Visser wormhole, offering potential observational discriminators for future very-long-baseline interferometry campaigns.