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Sardinia's seasonal seismic calm bodes well for Einstein Telescope

Matteo Di Giovanni, Davide Rozza, Giovanni Diaferia, Andrea Contu, Rosario De Rosa, Carlo Giunchi, Luca Naticchioni, Marco Olivieri, Annalisa Allocca, Enrico Calloni, Giovanni Luca Cardello, Luciano Errico, Giovanni Losurdo, Irene Molinari, Lucia Trozzo, Domenico D'Urso

May 18, 2026

Three years of borehole seismic data from Sardinia reveal that winter and summer represent the worst and best noise conditions, respectively, but the gap between them is narrow. Converting those measured spectra into Newtonian noise estimates and revised sensitivity curves, the authors find that binary neutron star and intermediate-mass black hole signal-to-noise ratios shift by just a few percent between seasons. This stability holds even before applying noise-subtraction techniques, which would shrink the effect further. The results support Sardinia as a viable host for ET's demanding low-frequency science goals.
Published as The impact of seasonality over the sensitivity of Einstein Telescope and the SNR of CBC signals at the Sardinia candidate site arXiv:2605.18135
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