Fermions survive the Big Bang and Big Rip, bosons don't

Solving the Dirac equation near three types of cosmological singularities — Big Bang/Crunch, Big Rip, and Big Brake — the authors find that fermionic wavefunctions remain well-behaved at each singularity, allowing a consistent quantum state space to be constructed across the boundary. The same trick fails for bosons, whose solutions blow up. If this holds physically, fermions are fundamentally more resilient to the universe's most extreme moments than the particles that carry forces.