Do dwarf galaxies finally settle the dark matter debate?

Fitting rotation curves of 37 dwarf galaxies against competing theories, a cored dark matter halo model outperforms MOND at just over 4-sigma confidence — suggestive, but not a knockout blow, since only one galaxy actually prefers MOND. A separate modified-gravity theory called MOG fares much worse, with universal rotation curve predictions ruled out at 8-sigma across both galaxy samples. Dwarf galaxies remain the sharpest scalpel for cutting between dark matter models.