Can a black hole's shadow reveal how many horizons it has?

Using ray-tracing simulations, a family of compact objects in a modified gravity theory — ranging from naked singularities to multi-horizon black holes — can produce nearly indistinguishable shadow images. A horizonless soliton can cast a dark central depression just like a black hole, while a multi-horizon black hole can look just like a simple Schwarzschild one. What the image actually encodes is the shape of the photon potential near the light ring, not the number of horizons hidden beneath.