Where did supermassive black holes come from so early in the universe?

The earliest quasars harbor black holes already weighing millions of suns, and no one fully understands how they got so big so fast. Using exact relativistic collapse models tied to primordial curvature data, this work shows that broad compensated peaks in the dark matter distribution — not simpler Gaussian or sinusoidal shapes — can directly produce 10³–10⁶ solar-mass black hole seeds by redshift z > 5, with cores beginning to collapse around z ~ 10–16. The analysis also predicts whether each collapse ends as a point, cigar, or pancake singularity based purely on the initial conditions.