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Does running inflation backward change how rare black holes form?
Chiara Animali, Baptiste Blachier, Nanoka Okada, Christophe Ringeval, Tomo Takahashi, Koki Tokeshi
May 29, 2026
Running the equations of inflationary quantum diffusion backward in time — from the end of inflation toward its beginning — gives a subtly different picture than the standard forward approach. In a bounded flat potential, large fluctuations develop exponential tails that decay twice as fast as conventional calculations predict. Since primordial black holes form precisely from those rare large fluctuations, this time-reversal perspective could meaningfully shift estimates of how many formed in the early universe.
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