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What's the actual shape of the force holding charm quarks together?

Ahmet Bingul, Altug Ozpineci

May 22, 2026

Physicists used a stochastic approach to extract the confinement potential—the force binding charm quarks together—from charmonium particle masses and decays. They found the potential deviates slightly from the long-assumed linear form at large separations, refining a decades-old model of quark interactions.
Published as A Stochastic Approach for Determining the Quark Confinement Potential of Charmonia arXiv:2605.23896
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