Why charged black holes in expanding space won't stay charged

Charged black holes in an expanding universe (Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter geometry) obey quantum-corrected equations that drive them away from their classical equilibrium states. Using semiclassical gravity, the authors show that quantum anomalies push the black hole to dump its charge via Schwinger pair production and lose mass through Hawking radiation simultaneously, following a path that bypasses the classical cold and lukewarm equilibrium points entirely. This matters for understanding quantum gravity's second law and how information escapes from black holes in an accelerating cosmos.