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Does the universal alphabet for particle scattering extend beyond the simplest case?
Song He, Jiahao Liu, Qinglin Yang
May 27, 2026
Using symmetry constraints and consistency checks, researchers computed a previously unknown two-loop scattering amplitude for a stress-tensor form factor. They discovered that 78 of 88 allowed mathematical symbols appear in this calculation, the same alphabet that governs simpler cases—providing the first evidence that a universal mathematical language underlies these calculations across different physical regimes.
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