Can Europe go fully green without concentrating power in a few regions?

Researchers modeled 105 scenarios of Europe's power system at different levels of decarbonization and geographic distribution. Without constraints, optimal wind and solar placement clusters in the best-resourced regions, leaving others behind as the grid decarbonizes. A moderate "K-parameter" limit that scales renewable capacity with demand across countries achieves 76% of possible equity gains for just a 9% cost premium, suggesting political buy-in is achievable without breaking budgets.