How do tangled networks in cells and organs actually work?

Biological networks—blood vessels, neural connections, organ plumbing—combine loops and branches in ways that matter for function, but we've lacked tools to measure that complexity. Researchers developed GEMINI, which uses a geometric version of the linking integral to quantify how edges in 3D networks twist around each other. Tests on synthetic lattices and real mouse brain vasculature show it can classify different organizational architectures, offering a bridge between network topology, geometry, and biological function.