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Can a theory of muscle pairs explain how we think?

G. Nagarjuna, Durgaprasad Karnam

May 26, 2026

The authors propose the Sensation Modulating Network, where cognition arises from paired antagonistic systems (like biceps and triceps) organized throughout the body. The key insight: by creating balanced tension between opposing forces, the brain halts action and directs attention toward objects. This bridges a 40-year divide between symbolic AI (which explains language but loses meaning) and embodied cognition (which grounds thinking in bodies but struggles with generative thought).
Published as The Sensation Modulating Network:Haltability as the architectural ground for object-directed phenomenology arXiv:2605.26856
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