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Translation symmetry forces long-range entanglement that correlations cannot detect

Ryan Thorngren, Lei Gioia, Carolyn Zhang

May 14, 2026

When a translation symmetry is broken in the weak sense across a statistical mixture of quantum states, the resulting mixed state cannot be decomposed into short-range entangled components — even though such components individually exist. The argument is combinatorial: there simply are not enough short-range entangled eigenstates to span the relevant symmetry sector. This reveals a class of long-range entanglement in mixed states that is invisible to standard diagnostics like connected correlation functions, suggesting current tools for characterizing quantum phases of open systems are incomplete.
Published as Translation symmetry-enforced long-range entanglement in mixed states arXiv:2605.15200
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