A simpler way to measure quantum energy levels, built for analog hardware

Quantum phase estimation — measuring a system's energy levels precisely — normally demands deep, carefully timed circuits that analog quantum hardware struggles to run. This protocol instead sweeps slowly through a parameter (adiabatically), encoding eigenvalues in simple population measurements rather than delicate quantum phases, and still hits the theoretical speed limit. The bonus: it's naturally resistant to dephasing noise, the dominant error source on many near-term devices.