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How much quantum weirdness does the quantum switch actually need?

Yassine Benhaj, Kuntal Sengupta, Cyril Branciard

May 21, 2026

The quantum switch lets operations happen in a superposition of causal orders, but how much quantum coherence does that actually require? Systematically destroying quantum information (dephasing) in each part of the process, the authors find a sharp threshold: only when every system is dephased, or only the final output is left coherent, does the exotic causal structure collapse into something classically explainable. A single coherent system anywhere else in the circuit is enough to preserve causal indefiniteness, pinpointing exactly where the nonclassicality lives.
Published as How many systems can be dephased before the quantum switch becomes causally definite? arXiv:2605.22807
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