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Can mixing forgetful quantum systems create a system with memory?

Wen Xu, Vinayak Jagadish

May 22, 2026

Quantum systems interacting with their environment can either forget their history quickly (Markovian) or retain memory of past states (non-Markovian). This work proves that mixing multiple eternally forgetful quantum processes can create a process with persistent memory, while mixing memory-laden processes can erase that memory entirely. The findings apply to qutrits (three-level quantum systems) and reveal that memory is a fundamentally non-additive property — you can't predict a mixture's behavior from its ingredients alone.
Published as Convexity and non-Markovianity of Weyl Maps arXiv:2605.23852
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